🔬 What is this Test?
The Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) Test detects autoantibodies that mistakenly attack the body’s own cell nuclei. It is commonly used to screen for autoimmune disorders like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Sjögren’s Syndrome.
📊 Normal Ranges:
✅ Negative: ≤ 1:40 (No autoimmune activity)
⚠️ Low Titer: 1:80 (May be seen in healthy individuals)
❌ Positive: ≥ 1:160 (Possible autoimmune condition, requiring further testing)
🎯 Purpose of the Test:
✔️ Screen for autoimmune diseases
✔️ Help diagnose conditions like lupus, scleroderma, and Sjögren’s syndrome
✔️ Monitor disease progression and response to treatment
✔️ Identify causes of unexplained symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, and rashes
⚠️ Why Might You Need This Test?
Chronic joint/muscle pain or swelling
Unexplained fatigue, fevers, or skin rashes
Dry eyes/mouth (potential Sjögren’s Syndrome)
Butterfly-shaped facial rash (common in lupus)
Photosensitivity (skin reaction to sunlight)
📌 Understanding the Results:
Negative (≤ 1:40): No autoimmune activity detected
Borderline (1:80): May require follow-up if symptoms persist
Positive (≥ 1:160): Suggests an autoimmune condition—further tests (e.g., anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm) are needed for confirmation
🔬 Additional Notes:
ANA test alone does NOT confirm an autoimmune disease—further testing is necessary
Different staining patterns (homogeneous, speckled, centromere) provide clues to specific diseases
ANA can be positive in some healthy individuals, especially older adults